DEGRADATION OF PERMANENT PROTECTION AREAS (APP) AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WATER SUPPLY OF CITIES IN THE NORTHERN MATO GROSSO AMAZON

Abstract

The process of opening the urban industrial-agricultural-financial border towards the Amazon, in the 1970s, currently reflects socio-environmental implications, among them, the degradation of Permanent Protection Areas (PPAs) of rivers, streams, and in the springs that form the water bodies that are sources of water used for urban supply in the municipalities belonging to the northern macro-region 2. The study aims to analyze the situation of PPAs around the rivers and springs of the captation basins of the municipalities of Alta Floresta, Nova Canaã do Norte and Colíder, Mato Grosso. For mapping, databases from MapBiomas and the Territorial Intelligence Center/ICV (hydrography, land cover and rural properties) were used with an automatic delimitation model and subsequent diagnosis of PPAs of watercourses, springs and natural lakes, in accordance with the rules of the New Forest Code. As a result, it was possible to observe that, in Alta Floresta, the Taxidermista river has 77% of PPAs preserved; however, in the 200 springs, the percentage of deterioration exceeds 55%. Nova Canaã do Norte, on the Bonito River, 61% of the PPAs are degraded and, in the 89 springs, the damage exceeds 81%. Colíder has a percentage above 54% of the Carapá River PPAs affected and, in the 103 springs, this percentage exceeds 69% of degradation. The situation appears to be worrying and on the verge of a water crisis, given that the springs are the link between the underground and the surface; however, they are the most fragile point in the hydrological cycle, responsible for supplying the aforementioned cities.